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彩之家app2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

一线城市新房价格止跌 政策助力楼市或企稳******

  证券时报记者 张达

  1月15日,国家统计局发布2022年12月70个大中城市房价数据。数据显示,房价环比下降城市增加,其中,二手房价环比下降城市达到63个。从新房价格来看,一线城市在连跌3个月后出现止跌现象。

  业内人士认为,一线城市率先出现止跌企稳态势,显示去年四季度以来在供需两端积极的政策产生一定效果。预计2023年需求端政策力度有望加码,热点城市交易量或在二季度开始企稳并慢慢回升,并在下半年带动都市圈周围城市转好。

  一线城市新房价格止跌

  国家统计局的数据显示,2022年12月,70个大中城市中房价下降城市有所增加,其中,新房价格环比下降城市有55个,比上月增加4个;二手房价格环比下降城市有63个,比上月增加1个。

  分城市来看,一线城市新房和二手房价格环比一平一降,二三线城市环比下降。其中,一线城市新房价格环比由上月下降0.2%转为持平;二手房价格环比下降0.5%,降幅比上月扩大0.1个百分点。二线城市新房价格环比下降0.3%,降幅比上月扩大0.1个百分点;二手房价格环比下降0.4%,降幅与上月相同。三线城市新房价格环比下降0.3%,降幅与上月相同;二手房价格环比下降0.4%,降幅比上月收窄0.1个百分点。

  上海易居房地产研究院研究总监严跃进认为,根据简单算术平均计算,2022年12月全国70个城市新房价格指数环比跌幅为0.2%,同比跌幅为2.3%。当前房价指数跌幅总体上没有扩大,说明去年四季度持续性的“三支箭”政策,减少了房企恐慌性降价的心理。最明显的变化是,一线城市连跌3个月后,当前已经有止跌现象。预计新房价格指数的积极变化后续也会逐渐传导到二手房市场中。

  广东省城规院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉也认为,一线城市新房价格基本止跌,显示去年四季度以来供需两端积极的政策产生一定效果。比如,供给端加快“三支箭”等资金投放、推进保交楼,改善房企资产负债表,推动收并购;需求端积极降低按揭利率,鼓励住房购置和改善等,政策叠加部分缓解了风险预期,购房需求释放也有所稳定。反映在房价上,一线城市率先出现止跌企稳态势。

  不过,李宇嘉同时指出,2022年12月房价下跌城市增加,市场仍较为疲弱。

  中原地产首席分析师张大伟则认为,二手房价格表现更值得关注,2022年12月二手房价环比下降城市有63个,说明当前市场全面低迷。

  政策助力

  年内楼市或企稳

  今年以来,中央和地方楼市支持政策密集出台。

  1月5日,央行、银保监会宣布对首套房贷利率政策实行动态调整,即新房价格环比和同比连续3个月均下降的城市,可阶段性维持、下调或取消当地首套房贷利率下限。住建部部长倪虹在接受媒体专访时也表示,对购买第一套住房的,要大力支持,首付比例、首套利率该降的,都要降下来;对于购买第二套住房的要合理支持,以旧换新、以小换大、生育多子女家庭都要给予政策支持。他还表示今年要因城施策、精准施策,提振市场信心。

  与此同时,各地稳楼市步伐加快,新疆乌鲁木齐、安徽六安、河南荥阳等多地发布了刺激住房消费需求的政策举措,包括下调首套房贷利率下限、暂停限购政策、放宽首套房认定标准、降低首套房首付比例、换购住房个税减免、支持团购住房、发购房补贴、提高住房公积金贷款额度等。河南更是明确表示,要取消和调整妨碍消费需求释放的限制性政策。

  李宇嘉认为,稳房价是稳预期、稳需求、纾困供给端的关键。近期央行下调首套房贷利率下限,目的也是为了稳房价,为稳楼市交易、开发创造条件。预计热点城市交易量或在二季度开始企稳并慢慢回升,并在下半年带动都市圈周围城市好转。

  对于今年的政策预期,上海易居房地产研究院执行院长丁祖昱认为,2023年将继续因城施策用足用好政策工具箱,地方需求端政策力度有望加码,包括市场下行压力较大的远郊区域局部放松限购,定向优化二孩、三孩家庭以及各类人才购房资格等。重点市场倘若出现走弱迹象,不排除政策加码的可能性,以便给市场“保温”。

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